The relationship between individual earthquakes and the longer-term growth of topography and of geological structures is not fully understood, but is key to our ability to make use of topographic and geological data sets in the contexts of seismic hazard and wider-scale tectonics. Using observations of an earthquake at the edge of the Tarim Basin,…
Tag: Structure
Kaikoura Earthquake – Complex Rupture & Mountain Building
Working with collaborators at GNS New Zealand (Ian Hamling and colleagues), we have been examining the major Kaikoura earthquake from November 2016 which shook the South Island. By using the latest satellite instruments and data, combined with field observations, we were able to constrain the complexity of this multi-fault rupture and determine the magnitude of uplift…
Hazard in regions of distributed shortening
The 2011 October 23 MW 7.1 Van earthquake in eastern Turkey caused ∼600 deaths and caused widespread damage and economic loss. The seismogenic rupture was restricted to 10–25 km in depth, but aseismic surface creep, coincident with outcrop fault exposures, was observed in the hours to months after the earthquake. We combine observations from radar interferometry, seismology, geomorphology and…
Jumping Earthquakes: limits to rupture forecasting exposed by instantaneously triggered earthquake doublet
An important question in understanding the potential magnitude of earthquakes, and consequently the hazard certain faults may pose, is the distance over which earthquakes can jump during rupture. This is because a critical observation of earthquake scaling which holds true is that the longer a fault rupture, the larger the earthquake. In a bigger earthquake,…
Pinpointing the unbroken section of Nepal fault line and showing why Himalayas keep growing
In our study published in the journal Nature Geoscience, we show that a kink in the regional fault line below Nepal explains why the highest mountains in the Himalayas are seen to grow between earthquakes. This kink has created a ramp 20km below the surface, with material constantly being pushed up and raising the height of…
Insights into seismic and aseismic shortening of the Zagros sedimentary cover
Our findings on the 2013 Khaki earthquake in Iran suggest lithology plays a
significant role in the depth extent of slip found in reverse faults in folded belts, providing an important
control on the potential size of earthquakes.
John Elliott 